November 15, 1793: John Spotswood Garland born in Virginia to Hudson Martin Garland, Senior and Elizabeth Penn Phillips.
1800: No U.S. Census in Virginia.
After August 6, 1810: Hudson M. Garland shown as head of household in Amherst County, Virginia.
1 male < 10 1800-1810 (Hudson Martin Garland, Junior-1795)
2 males 16-25 1785-1794 (James Garland-1792; John Spotswood Garland-1793)
1 male 26-44 1766-1784 (Hudson M. Garland)
2 females < 10 1800-1810 (Maria Antoinette Garland-1803; Malvina Garland-1804)
3 females 10-15 1795-1800 (Henrietta Garland-1796; Elizabeth Ann Garland-1800; ? Garland)
1 female 26-44 1766-1784 (Elizabeth Penn Phillips Garland-?)
(U.S. Census-Amherst County-Virginia-1810: M 252 66, p 283, line 4)
March 31, 1813: Commissioned 1st Lieutenant with the 35th Infantry (Virtual American Biographies)(Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography, Vol 2; Lyon Gardiner Tyler; Baltimore, pp 210-211)
May 17, 1815: Transferred to the 3rd Infantry
May 7, 1817: Promoted to Captain. (Virtual American Biographies)(Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography, Vol 2; Lyon Gardiner Tyler; Baltimore, pp 210-211)
May 7, 1827: Brevetted Major for ten years of faithful service. (Virtual American Biographies)(Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography, Vol 2; ALyon Gardiner Tyler; Baltimore, pp 210-211)
August 1832: Major John Garland wrote a letter of recommendation to Secretary of War L. Cass on behalf of John R.C. Garland. He described him as
1833: John Garland escorted Black Hawk on his trip to Washington, D.C. (General James Longstreet, The Confederacy's Most Controversial Soldier, p. 13)
February 12, 1833: "Major John Garland sent the following to General Callendar Irvine, Commissary General of Purchases: 'Your letter of the 7th instant has been received, your proposition for furnishing the three Regiments in such a way as to save time and material meets the entire approbation of the Secretary of War. The 7th Infantry is designated as the one to receive the uniform of the old pattern. If the new caps cannot be conveniently furnished them, you will of course have to send the old pattern. I am much gratified that you will have it in your power to fit out the other two regiments with the new dress" (Jackson's Men and Army Gray: Clothing the Volunteer Companies from New Orleans" by Robert P. Wettemann, Jr.)
June 4, 1833: Major John Garland left Fortress Monroe in Virginia with Black Hawk, a captured Indian chief. They traveled on tour through Norfolk, Philadelphia, and New York. Major Garland reported that the Indians were dumbfounded by the sights of the massive populations and buildings of the cities. (Black Hawk, An Autobiography; Donald Jackson, 1955; p 9, 10, 11) He then monitored the meeting of the rival chiefs, Black Hawk of the Sacs and Keokuk of the Fox in their meeting of peace. "Major Garland, Government representative, sent round the pipe of peace, following it with champagne, which all drank in silence. The ceremony closed with a dance. (Iowa It's History and Its Foremost Citizens; Vols. 1-2, Chicago and Detroit, J. Clark Publishing, 1918; p 41)
October 30, 1836: John Spotswood Garland attained the full rank of major. (Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography, Vol 2; Lyon Gardiner Tyler; Baltimore, pp 210-211)
October 30 1836: Major with the 1st Infantry. (Virtual American Biographies)
October 30, 1836-November 27 1839: Major (U.S. Army Historical Register, 1789-1903, Vol 1
April 1837: John Spotswood Garland traveled with Lieutenant James D. Ord to Chicago from Washington, District of Columbia. Ord was to be an Indian disbursal agent. (Arlington National Cemetery web site)
November 27, 1837: Lt Colonel with the 4th Infantry. (Virtual American Biographies)
November 27 1839-May 7, 1849: Lieutenant-Colonel (U.S. Army Historical Register, 1789-1903, Vol 1)(Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography, Vol 2; Lyon Gardiner Tyler; Baltimore, pp 210-211)
~ 1840: "The only resident of Minnesota who was a slave owner was Alexis Bailly, a prominent mixed-blood trader, who in about 1840 bought a Negro man from Major Garland, of the Fort Snelling garrison. The Negro died a year or so later." (Minnesota in Three Centuries 1655-1908. Vols. I-II. Michigan Publishing Society of Minnesota, 1908; p 67)
~ 1840: "Gen Taylor and Gen. Harrison. --- In a casual conversation the other day with a gentleman who served with Old Rough and Ready in the Florida war, he related the following, which transpired in 1840, during the Harrison campaign.
On the arrival of the northern mails, the officers were in the habit of meeting at Gen. Taylor's marquee, to discuss the news. --- The General being a Whig, took the National Intelligence, and Major Garland, a Lococo, the Washington Globe. On one of these occasions, Gen Taylor found in the Intelligence an account of one of the Mammoth Conventions held in honor of Old Tip, and he remarked, "This, Gentlemen, is what I like to see." "But," promptly responded the Major, "General Harrison is a northern man and an abolitionist!" "No matter, "replied the General, "he is an honest man, and unaccustomed to the wiles and intrigues of partisans. The great mass of the people --- the honest and intelligent of all parties --- are rallying in his support, and, sir, my word for it they are on the right track." Cleveland Herald (The Ohio Repository; Canton, Ohio: Wednesday, July 19, 1848; v 34, number 10, p 1, Col. B)
After August 6, 1840: Could not find on U.S. Census.
September 19, 1841: John ordered Lieutenant N.E. Cochrane to ride for assistance after a boat grounded on a river in Florida. His horse died after the run and a court settlement repaid Cochrane's widow on April 7, 1854. (The Daily Glove: Washington, District of Columbia; volume VI, number 106, page 7, column B)
December 30, 1841: "From Florida --- Accounts form Pilat, state that Cacaos has come in with 37 Indians, and the Creeks have had a talk with Col. Garland. They have all promised to come in under their chief, Octacosie. 18 Micksaukies refuse to come in or give up." (The Ohio Repository, Thursday, December 30, 1841; v 27, # 36, p 3, c A)
April 29, 1842: Following the Battle of Lake Ahapopka in the Seminole War in Florida Colonel Garland met under a flag of truce the Indian chief Halleck at Warm Springs, Florida. General Worth ordered Garland to wait three days and then seize the remainder of the Indians. Garland invited the Seminole to a dinner, where he plied them with whiskey. When they were sufficiently inebriated, they were surrounded and taken prisoner.
May 9, 1846: Brevetted Colonel for bravery at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma in the Mexican War.
June 18, 1846: "Meanwhile, General Taylor crossed the river early on the 18th (June 1846) without resistance, and occupied the city (Matamoros). He gave assurances before doing so that the civil rights of the citizens would be respected, and adopted measures by the establishment of a system of police to insure order. On the following morning Lieutenant-colonel Garland was dispatched with a body of cavalry in pursuit of the retreating Mexicans, with orders to harass their rear. This officer followed them beyond Ebanito, but was then compelled to return, owing to the scarcity of water and provisions. He captured, however, a party in the rear, and brought with him twenty-two prisoners, arriving at Matamoros on the 22nd." (The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft; Chapter XIV, p 367)
May 19, 1846: John Garland took the Dragoons and two companies of Rangers to follow the retreating Mexicans from Matamoros. He followed them for sixty miles before turning back. He suffered two wounded. They killed two, wounded two, and captured twenty-two along with their baggage. (Bangor Daily Whig & Courier; Friday, June 19, 1846; v VXX, #36, p 2, col D)
May 24, 1846: "Official dispatches have been received from Gen. Taylor up to the 24th of May. The army was still at Matamoros; and everything going along as smoothly as possible. The citizens were all attending to business as usual. It was uncertain at what time General Taylor would commence further operation. Volunteers were arriving daily.
Lieut. Col. Garland, with all the cavalry of the army, pursued the retreating Mexicans for sixty miles, but so rapid was their flight, that he only succeeded in capturing a small rear party." (The Adams Sentinel and General Advertiser; Monday, June 15, 1846, volume XLVI, number 40, page 3, column C)
May 18-19, 1846: "On the 18th General Taylor commenced the passage of the Rio Grande two miles above Matamoros. Arista retired from that place with the remnant of his army, and on the 19th, Lieutenant Colonel Garland, with the whole mounted force of the American army, followed in pursuit. Garland continued the pursuit for sixty miles, often coming up to and engaging the rear guard of the enemy, when he returned to camp, and the short campaign of the Rio Grande was finished." (Louisiana Biographical and Historical Memoirs; v 1, Chicago, Goodspeed Press, 1892; p 73)
September 21, 1846: "CAPTURE OF MONTEREY MAY-SEPTEMBER, 1846 Accordingly on the morning of the 21st (September) Taylor directed the 1st and 3d regiments of infantry and a battalion of the Baltimore and Washington volunteers, with Captain Bragg's field-battery, the whole under the command of Garland, to advance against the lower part of the town and capture one of the enemy's works, if practicable. Major Mansfield of the engineers was charged with designating the points of attack." (The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft; Chapter XV, p 383)
January 26, 1847: John Spotswood Garland was in command of the military force stationed at Monterey, Mexico. (Lima Argus: Lima, Ohio; v 4, # 27, p 3, col. B)
February 8, 1847: John Spotswood Garland presented a sword by the State of Virginia. (The Adams Sentinel and General Advertiser, Monday, February 15, 1847; v XLVII, # 21, p 4, col. A)
April 3, 1847: John Spotswood Garland brevetted Colonel for "his gallant and meritorious conduct in the capture of Monterey." (Janesville Gazette: Saturday, April 3, 1847; v 2, # 33, p 3, col. G)
August 16, 1847: On the 16th (August) Gen Worth marched as far as the Hacienda of San Geveois. Col. Garland's Brigade was ordered to occupy a position on ht plains in sight of the enemy's battery at San Astonia, while Col. Stark's brigade & Duncan's battery took position close by his rear.
Early on the morning of the 20th, General Worth was ordered to move forward with a part of his division and Garland's Brigade to aid in the attack on Valencia, who was strengthening his position in every way possible." (The Ohio Repository: Canton, Ohio; September 22, 1847; v 33, # 22, p 1, col. C)
August 20, 1847: Brevet Brigadier General for actions at the Battles of Contreras and Churubusco, Mexico.
August 20, 1847: "At this point the heavy garrison (3,000 men) in retreat was, by Clarke, cut in the center; one portion, the rear, driven upon Delores, off to the right; and the other off upon Churubusco, in the direct line of our operations. The 1st Brigade (Col. Garland's) same division, consisting of the second artillery, under Lt. Col. Belton, and the 4th Infantry, commanded by Major F. Lee, followed in pursuit through the town, taking one General prisoner, the abandoned guns, much ammunition, and other public property."
"...Not an American --- and we were less than a third of the enemies' numbers --- had a doubt as to the end result of the conflict?"
"Garland's Brigade, (Worth's Division) to which had been added the light battalion of Lieu Col Smith,, continued to advance to the front, and under the fire of a long line of infantry, off on the left of a bridge; and Clarke, of the same division, directed his brigade along the road, or close by its side."
"It has, in a single day, in many battles, as often defeated 32,000 men, made about 3,000 prisoners, including 8 Generals, (two of them ex Presidents) and 205 other officers; killed or wounded 4,000 of all ranks, besides entire Corp dispersed and dissolved?." (Alton Telegraph & Democratic Review; Friday, December 3, 1847; v XII, # 49, p.5, col E)
August 22, 1847: Ordered to convene court martial (Order 259) to court martial 43 deserters. 41 of the 43 were sentenced to die. (See hard copy in hard file) "The number of deserters and foreigners taken by our troops and fighting against us were seventy-two. A court martial was in session with Colonel Garland as President for the trial of those precious rascals, and it was thought full justice would be done them. Reilly, an Irishman who commanded them, openly makes his brags of what he has done and declares he expected no mercy." (The Ohio Repository: Canton, Ohio; September 22, 1847; v 33, # 22, p 2, col. A)
September 13, 1847: Wounded in Mexico City, Mexico while fighting with the 4th Infantry. (U.S. Army Historical Register, 1789-1903, Vol 1; Page 22) Alphabetical list of Officers of the Regular Army who were killed or wounded in Action or taken prisoner.
September 14, 1847: ... 'while General Worth was returning to his division, near the Alameda, he was fired upon from a house near the Convent of San Francisco. Some of the cowardly Polkas, who had fled the day previous, without discharging their guns, now commenced the assassin game of shooting every one of our men they saw, from windows, as well as from behind the parapets on the azoteas or tops of the houses. ?They also commenced discharging muskets and throwing bottles and rocks from the azoteas. I have neglected to mention, that just previous to this, Colonel Garland had been severely wounded by a musket, fired by some miscreant from a window (Alton Telegraph & Democratic Review; Friday, October 29, 1847; v XII, # 44, pf 5, col B)
October 23, 1847: "In storming Chapultepec, and in the attack on the Citadel, General Quitman's division lost 300, Twiggs 268, Pillow 142, ad Worth 138. General Worth had scarcely 1,000 men in this action. Those wounded included Lt. Col. John Garland. (Bangor Daily Whig & Courier; v XIV, # 98, p 2, col. E)
November 17, 1847: Colonel Garland is ordered to join up with Bragg's Battery immediately. (The Adams Sentinel and General Advertiser: Monday, December 6, 1847; v XLVIII, # 6, p 3, col. A)
1847: LT Longstreet reminisces before going into battle at the Chapultapec Fortress guarding Mexico City about COL John Garland telling him that Louise Garland is too young for him and to stay away from her. (Gone For Soldiers, by Schlaar)
March 8, 1848: "Married - On Wednesday last at the residence of James Garland, of Lynchburg, by Rev. Wm. H. Kinckle, Lieut. James Longstreet of the U.S. Army, to Miss Maria Louise Garland, youngest daughter of Col. John S. Garland, U.S. Army." (Richmond Whig & Public Advertiser; page 1, column 3; March 14, 1848)
April 10, 1848: Colonel John S. Garland left Washington, District of Columbia, after being assigned commander of the Third Military Department of the West, where the movements of the Indians will require his energies to repress them." (The Adams Sentinel & General Advertiser: Monday, April 10, 1848, v XLVIII, # 24, p 4, col. B)
June 1848: Colonel John Garland undertook an investigation of the command at Fort Mann Kansas on behalf of the government. By the time he was there Colonel Gilpin had already pretty much straightened out the problems. The main gist of the situation was the poor command leadership of a Captain Pelzer. He was relieved of his command. Garland's final report to his superiors lay little blame on Gilpin for the state of affairs at the fort. He reported the real culprit to be the isolation of the post. He also Critser the method of selecting officers among volunteer companies of the time. (Computer input)
July 27, 1848: Inscription on a sword for Col John Garland; "Presented by Virginia to her distinguished son, Lt. Col. John Garland, for his gallantry and conduct at Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and Monterey." (Calendar of Virginia State Papers; volume 11, p. 23)
August 7, 1848: John Garland returned to his home post after being at Fort Mann, Kansas. This happened just after 32 Comanche had been killed in a skirmish with Lieutenant Royall's Command. (Republican Compiler; Gettysburg, Pennsylvania; Monday, August 7, 1848, Number 45, page 4, column F)
May 7, 1849: Brevet Major-General William J. Worth, the colonel of the U.S. Eighth Regiment died of Asiatic cholera at San Antonio, Texas. Colonel John Spotswood Garland was promoted from the Fourth Regiment to take over the 8th Infantry (Historical Register & Dictionary of the U.S. Army, Volume 1; page 447)
May 7, 1849-June 5, 1861: Colonel (U.S. Army Historical Register, 1789-1903, Vol 1
September 26, 1850: Brigadier General John Garland, age 56 (1794), and his wife Harriet, age 51(1799), shown on the census for Bexar County, Texas in San Antonio. (U.S. Census-San Antonio-Bexar County-Texas1850; M432 908, p 216, line 10, f 186)
November 18, 1852: Moved to Colorado to take over the Department comprising New Mexico, Colorado and possibly Arizona.
June 1, 1853: John Spotswood Garland dined with President Pierce prior to meeting with General Winfield Scott. His family was to stay with Adjutant Dees while he was traveling to Santa Fe. (New York Daily Times; Friday June 3, 1853: v II, # 534, p 1, c C)
June 6, 1853: John Spotswood Garland replaced Bull Sumner as commander of New Mexico Territory. (Apaches-A History and Culture Portrait; James L. Haley; page 208) He was appointed Governor of New Mexico which gave him both military and political powers. (Bangor Whig and Courier; Vol. XIX, # 289, page 2, col D)
June 13, 1853: John S. Garland commanded a force that moved into the Mesilla Valley in New Mexico to confront Santa Anna who was asking for another war. (The Daily Alton Telegraph: Monday, June 13, 1853; v II, # 19, p 2, c A)
October 9, 1853: General John Spotswood Garland arrived in Santa Fe, New Mexico to take part in ceremonies with the Governor. (Brock Papers-Garland Family Papers 1762-1916)
1853 (late): General John Garland ordered the abandonment of Fort Webster on the Mimbres River in New Mexico and built Fort Thorn on the Rio Grande in order to control the Mescaleros (Apaches). (The Apaches-Eagles of the Southwest, by Donald E. Worcester, p 57)
1853-1854: Commanded hostilities against the Mescaleros and Jicarillas in New Mexico. (Apaches-A History and Culture Portrait; James L. Haley; page 215)
June 21, 1854: Wrote general orders in New Mexico in which he praised Lt Col Cook. (Michigan Biographies, 1878; Western Biographical Publishing Company)
November 15, 1854: United States under John Garland took over jurisdiction over Mesilla Valley. Colonel Miles hoisted National Flag. (Ft. Union Files: 1854, #2)
January 24, 1855: "PROCLAMATION: By authority bestowed on me by law, and in conformity with a petition made to me today by General John Garland, Commander-in Chief of the Department of New Mexico, the undersigned, David Meriwether, Governor of the Territory of New Mexico, hereby declare and make it known that four companies of mounted volunteers will come into the service of the United States to persecute the hostile Indians of this Territory." See hard copy for remainder of statement. "Given under my signature and seal of the Territory, in the City of Santa Fe, today January 24, 1855, D. Meriwether"
1855(early): Early in 1855 Captain R.S. Ewell of the First Dragoons marched through Mescaleros country with a force of 180 men. He fought several skirmishes with them, killing, among others, their "great chief Santa Anna" and one of his sons. But because it was mid-winter and bitterly cold the dragoons' horses gave out, and toward the end of the campaign they could not keep up with the infantry.
While Ewell was camped on the Bonito a group of Mescaleros hurried to Dr. Steck asking for peace. He promised to protect them until he could give them an answer. General Garland, whose forces were trying to inflict total defeat on the Mescaleros, was understandably disappointed by the request. "This step was not a little annoying," he said, "when we were prepared to strike..." Despite Garland's annoyance a reservation was set apart for the Mescaleros in their own country, with agency headquarters at Fort Stanton, built on the Bonito River early in 1855. (The Apaches-Eagles of the Southwest, by Donald E. Worcester, p 62)
February 28, 1855: John Garland approved Captain Ewell's expedition against the Mescaleros with James Longstreet. (Ft Union File: 1855; # 1)
October 11, 1856: John Spotswood Garland took a leave of absence from the Western Department. (Ft. Union File: 1856, # 1)
May 12, 1857: John Spotswood Garland returned from his leave resumes command. (Ft. Union File: 1857, # 1)
June 1857: Colonel John Garland led a force from New Mexico to Utah to assist military against the Mormons. (The U.S. Army's Mormon Expedition of 1857)
August 1, 1857: Brevet Brigadier. General John Garland to Lt. Col. L. "The A Governor has forced upon me an unpleasant correspondence. Copies are enclosed marked A,B,C & D. Governor has forwarded his letter of June 17th to Washington. It has been intimated to me that his object is to effect the removal of Kit Carson as Indian Agent. (Ft. Union File: 1857, # 2)
February 1858: Evidently General John Spotswood Garland's feelings toward the Indians mellowed some. "Steck's other charges, the Mescaleros, also had many provocations to resume hostilities. In February 1858 a party of New Mexicans from Mesilla, calling themselves the Mesilla Guard, attacked the Mescaleros camping near Steck's headquarters at Bona Ana. In April (1858) other New Mexicans surprised a Mescaleros camp near Fort Thorn and killed a number of men, women, and children. Angered by this civilian interference with peaceable Indians, General Garland sent troops to capture the murderers and threatened to withdraw all soldiers, leaving the citizens to defend themselves. But because of the ensuing outcry the post was not abandoned. Garland warned them, nevertheless, that those who perpetrated acts of violence and outrage had no claim to protection and would receive none. White settlers replied that the Mescaleros should be removed from New Mexico or exterminated. (The Apaches-Eagles of the Southwest, by Donald E. Worcester, p 67)
September 5, 1859: "Washington, Sept., 5: The first drawing is assigned to the command of the department of New Mexico, and will immediately proceed to relieve Brig. Gen. Garland, whose ill health prevents his return to the department." (Dawson's Fort Wayne Weekly Times; September 3, 1859; v 20, no 2, p 2, col F)
September 30, 1859: "Col. T.T. Fauntleroy, of the 1st United States Dragoons, has been assigned to the command of the Department of New Mexico, and will proceed to relieve Brigadier-General Garland, whose health has been gradually on the decline." (The Grand Herald: Traverse City, Michigan; Friday, September 30, 1859; page 2, column C)
1860: Could not find on U.S. Census.
May 9, 1861: John Spotswood Garland promoted to Colonel. (Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography, Vol 2; Lyon Gardiner Tyler; Baltimore, pp 210-211)
June 5, 1861: John Spotswood Garland listed as the colonel of the U.S. Eighth Regiment when he died in New York. He was succeeded by Colonel Pitcairn Morrison. (History of the 8th U.S. Infantry by Lieutenant Richard H. Wilson, Adjutant 8th U.S. Infantry)
June 8, 1861: Obituary for General Garland after his passing on June 5 in the New York Hotel. See hard copy in scrapbook. His two sons accompanied his body to Washington, D.C. for burial. (New York Herald; Saturday, June 8, 1861; Page 4, Column F)
DEATH OF BRIGADIER GENERAL GARLAND, U.S.A.
Brigadier General John Garland, of the United States Army, died at the New York Hotel, in this city, on Wednesday, the 5th instant, after a protracted illness, in the sixty ninth year of his life.
General Garland was a native of Virginia, and entered the United States Army, as a First Lieutenant in the Thirty-fifth regiment of infantry (old organization), March 31, 1812. At the reorganization of the army, in 1815, he was returned and transferred to the Third Infantry. He was subsequently promoted to a captaincy, May, 1817; Assistant Quartermaster, May, 1826; Brevet Major, for ten years consecutive service, May 1827; Major in the First Infantry, October,1836; Lieutenant Colonel Fourth Infantry, November, 1839. He distinguished himself under Colonel Worth in the Florida War. At the declaration of the war with Mexico he was ordered to the Rio Grande, and took an active part in command at the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, for which he received the honorary rank of Brevet Colonel. He was next in command of a brigade in General Twiggs division at the battle of Monterey, and in a similar capacity in General Worth's division in the operations on the line from Vera Cruz to the city of Mexico. He was honored with the rank of Brevet Brigadier General for gallant and meritorious conduct in the battles of Contreras and Churubusco, August 20, 1847, and subsequently distinguished himself in the bloody conflict at Molino Del Ray and the capture of the City of Mexico, in which conflict he was severely wounded. With how much judgment and bravery this long service has been discharged the recorded history of those wars and his rapid promotion bear ample testimony.
On Thursday his two sons and a number of his friends took the remains in charge and escorted them from the hotel, where he expired, to the Jersey City railroad depot and thence conveyed them to Washington, where he is to be interred in the same tomb with his lamented consort, Mrs. Garland.
June 9, 1861: John Spotswood Garland buried in Site 6, Plot 171, Oak Hill Cemetery, Georgetown, District of Columbia. He was buried with his wife Harriet M. Garland, his sons Hudson Martin Garland and Chauncey Payne Garland, and second great grandson Truxton Garland Hill. (Internment paperwork found at Oak Hill Cemetery and in John Spotswood Garland file)
September 1861: "How many of this small corps of officers, young and old, distinguished or promising were Virginians? Six Colonels of the line. John Garland of the Eighth Infantry, 1849: Brevet Brigadier General, 1847, but serving as Colonel" (Lee's Lieutenants-Page 703)
September 1861: "Of the thirteen other field officers from Virginia, five supported Virginia-Magruder, Chilton, Robert S. Garnett, Henry Hill and Albert J. Smith. Seven of the remaining eight, Colonel Garland et al adhered to the Union." (Lee's Lieutenants-Page 716)
November 1, 1861: "with multiplied honors and no diminution of his love of the Union, but after much bickering with General McClellan and others, Lt Gen Winfield Scott had retired. Death had removed Col John Garland" (Lee's Lieutenants-A Study in Command; by Douglas Southall Freeman; Page 261)
June 5, 1861: "this was just four months after the death of Mrs. Longstreet's mother on August 31, 1860, at Saratoga Springs, New York, where she had gone in search of health. General Garland, who was with her, buried her in oak Hill Cemetery in Georgetown, Maryland. He did not return to his station in the West but, himself in poor health, went to New York City to be near his ailing son, Hudson, an officer in the United States Navy stationed at Brooklyn Navy Yard. Hudson did on February 27, 1861. General Garland, still on leave, remained on in New York at the New York Hotel, failing in health until his death on June 5, 1861. His sons, David and John Spotswood Garland, accompanied his remains to Georgetown where the old veteran was buried beside his recently deceased wife." (General James Longstreet; Wert; page 16)
June 9, 1861: "The funeral of Gen. Garland took place here to-day, and was very largely attended." (New York Times; June 9, 1861, volume X, number 3031, page 1, column A)
Garland, John, army officer. 1792-June 5, 1861. Born in Virginia he was commissioned a first lieutenant in the 25th Infantry March 31, 1811, then seeing service in the War of 1812. He participated in the aftermath of the Black Hawk War of 1832, escorting Black Hawk and other noted prisoners from Fort Monroe, Virginia to Rock Island, Illinois. He was active in Florida's Second Seminole War (1835-1842), virtually ending the conflict with treacherous capture of the last considerable band of hostiles by promising them a feast with plenty of liquor and when all had gathered having a trap sprung on them. Garland became major of the 1st Infantry October 30, 1836, lieutenant colonel of the 4th Infantry November 27, 1839, colonel of the 8th Infantry May 7, 1849, and won brevets to Brigadier General in the Mexican War in which he was cited for his conduct in four battles. He was appointed to command the Department of New Mexico from July 20, 1853, proving "capable and efficient as well as popular with the citizens." During his administration he took measures against the Utes and to counter Davidson's disastrous defeat by Jicarillas in 1854. He 1856 he ordered out Captain Daniel I. Chandler's expedition against Magallon Apaches which reported light contact with the enemy and one unfortunate attack on a peaceful rancheria on the return. Garland also was much preoccupied with Navaho affairs during his term, but led no major expeditions against them, nor undertook any decisive action. He was succeeded September 15, 1858 as commander of the Department of New Mexico by Bonneville. Garland died in New York.
October 10, 1866: Marie L. Longstreet, late of Virginia, and heir-at-law of General John Garland, deceased to Mrs. Maria G. Stockton, Genesee County, Michigan: All unsold portions of that part of Section *, Smith's Reservation, Genesee County, Michigan --- Thread River, North by Flint River - East by west line of Section 7 in Smith's Reservation and South by Court Street in the City of Flint, Michigan...Notarized in the State of Mississippi, Noxubee County...Witnesses: W.D. Longstreet & S. Davies...apart from her said husband James Longstreet...(Genesee County, Michigan Court House Records: Liber 58, page 241 dated October 10, 1866)
[S00944] U.S. Census-Bexar County-Texas-1850, M432 908, p 216, line 10, f 186.
"John Garland-56-M Brigadier General-Born inVirginia"
[S00668] Pioneer Settlers of Grayson County, Virginia, Benjamin Floyd Nuckolls, (Name: 1914;), 143.
"Gen. John Garland, CSA" wrong
[S00668] Pioneer Settlers of Grayson County, Virginia, Benjamin Floyd Nuckolls, (Name: 1914;), 143.
"Spottswood Garland"
[S00172] Cumberland Parish, Lunenburg County, Virginia 1746-1816, L.C. Bell, F232, L9, B382., 233.
"General John Garland, distinquished in the Mexican War"
[S00307] History of Albemarle County in Virginia, Rev. Edgar Woods, (Name: The Michie Company, Printers, Charlottesville, Va., 1901;), ISBN 1-55613-449-5., 200.
"and General John Garland of the United States Army, whose daughter was the wife of General Longstreet."
[S00113] Campbell Chronicles and Family Sketches, (Name: 1927;), F232 .C15, E 12., 414.
"...Gen. John Garland, distinguished in the Mexican War..."
[S00944] U.S. Census-Bexar County-Texas-1850, M432 908, p 216, line 10, f 186.
"... age 56, born Virginia..."
[S01689] Virtual American Biographies.
"...born in Virginia in 1792;..."
[S00742] Southern Women and Their Families in the 19th Century: Papers and Diaries, Anne Firor Scott and William H. Chafe, Letter from Maurice Hamner Garland to Harry B. Deas.
"...was born in Albemarle County, Virginia November 15th 1793..."
[S00893] U.S. Census-Amherst County-Virginia-1810, M252 66, p 283, line 4.
"...male age 16-25 (1785-1794)..."
[S01689] Virtual American Biographies.
"...served through the war with Great Britian..."
[S01689] Virtual American Biographies.
"...appointed 1st Lieutenant of infantry on 31 March, 1813..."
[S00202] Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography, Volume II, Lyon Gardiner Tyler, (Name: Baltimore, 1928, Genealogical Publishing Company Co., 1998;), 210-211.
[S00836] The New York Herald, (Name: Morning Edition-Saturday June 8, 1861;), June 8, 1861.
[S01689] Virtual American Biographies.
"...became a captain on 7 May 1817..."
[S01689] Virtual American Biographies.
"...was made major by brevet in 1827..."
[S00202] Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography, Volume II, Lyon Gardiner Tyler, (Name: Baltimore, 1928, Genealogical Publishing Company Co., 1998;), 210-211.
"...made major by brevet in 1827..."
[S00836] The New York Herald, (Name: Morning Edition-Saturday June 8, 1861;), June 8, 1861.
"May 1827, Brevet Major for ten years service"
[S01689] Virtual American Biographies.
"...attained the full rank of Major on 30 October, 1836..."
[S00202] Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography, Volume II, Lyon Gardiner Tyler, (Name: Baltimore, 1928, Genealogical Publishing Company Co., 1998;), 210-211.
"...attained the full rank of major on October 30, 1836."
[S00836] The New York Herald, (Name: Morning Edition-Saturday June 8, 1861;), June 8, 1861.
"Lieutenant Colonel Fourth Infantry"
[S01689] Virtual American Biographies.
"...and that of lieutenant colonel on 27 November 1839."
[S00202] Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography, Volume II, Lyon Gardiner Tyler, (Name: Baltimore, 1928, Genealogical Publishing Company Co., 1998;), 210-211.
"...and that of Lieutenant-colonel on November 27, 1839."
[S00262] General James Longstreet The Confederacy's Most Controversial Soldier, Jeffry D. Wert, 8.
[S00340] Janesville Gazette, (Name: Janesville Gazette, Janesville, Wisconsin;), Saturday, April 3, 1847; v 2, # 33, p 3, col. G.
"...to be Colonel by Brevet for his gallant and meritorious conduct in the capture of Monteray."
[S00365] Lee's Lieutenants, Douglas Southall Freeman, (Name: New York: Charles Scribner's Sons;), 703, 716.
"Cols of the line: Garland, Fauntleroy...."
[S00340] Janesville Gazette, (Name: Janesville Gazette, Janesville, Wisconsin;), Saturday, April 3, 1847; v 2, # 33, p 3, col. G.
[S00836] The New York Herald, (Name: Morning Edition-Saturday June 8, 1861;), June 8, 1861; p 4, Column F.
"...died at the New York Hotel, in this city on Wednesday, the 5th instant, after a protracted illness, in the sixty ninth year of his life."
[S00262] General James Longstreet The Confederacy's Most Controversial Soldier, Jeffry D. Wert, 16.
"...until his death on June 5, 1861."
[S01689] Virtual American Biographies.
"...died in New York City, 5 June 1861..."
[S00262] General James Longstreet The Confederacy's Most Controversial Soldier, Jeffry D. Wert, 16.
[S00286] Hardcopy-no recording.
"Interment: June 9, 1861....age 69, Site 6 in plot 171..."
[S00550] Personal Papers-George B. Strode, George B. Strode, (Name: 1570 Barcley Place, Atlanta, Georgia;), 26.
"...met John Garland, then a captain of infantry, in Detroit, where he was stationed for a number of years."
[S00742] Southern Women and Their Families in the 19th Century: Papers and Diaries, Anne Firor Scott and William H. Chafe, Letter from Maurice Hamner Garland to Harry B. Deas.
"...married 22nd September 1816 in Detroit, Michigan..."
1793 - 1861
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