Timeline: NEES, Norma: Byrne and Asimov Genealogy and Family Histories

1882 - 1964 (81 years)

	Date	Event(s)
1	1882	1882: Britain occupies Egypt. A triple alliance is established between Germany, Austria and Italy 1882: Standard Oil controls 95% of the U.S. oil refining capacity 1882: Stillwell invents brown paper bag
2	1884	1884: Freud published a paper in which he found cocaine, an alkaloid in coca, effective against fatigue and neurasthenia. 1884: Hilaire de Chardonnet invented the first artificial textile, which was made from cellulose. It was later named rayon 1884: Parliament passes the third Reform Act which further extends the franchise
3	1885	1885: Death of General Gordon at Khartoum. Burma is annexed. Salisbury succeeds Gladstone with his first minority Conservative government. Parliament passes the Redistribution Act
4	1886	1886: Gladstone's third Liberal government fails to pass its first Irish Home Rule Bill through the House of Commons. Gladstone resigns as Prime Minister. Split in the Liberal Party. Salisbury establishes his second Conservative-Liberal-Unionist government. The Royal Niger Company is chartered. Gold is discovered in the Transvaal 1886: Statue of Liberty erected in New York Harbour 1886: Coca-Cola syrup invented
5	1887	1887: Emile Berliner patents the gramophone 1887: Queen Victoria celebrates her Golden Jubilee. The Independent Labour Party is founded. The British East Africa Company is chartered 1887: UK telegraph companies control 107,000 miles of submarine cable 1887: There are estimated to be 5,400 cash registers in US (increases to 16,900 in 1890)
6	1888	1888: Celluloid photographic film introduced 1888: The County Councils' Act establishes representative county based authorities 1888: Kodak box camera 1888: Coin-operated public telephone
7	1889	1889: London Dockers' Strike. The British South Africa Company is chartered 1889: The Eiffel Tower, designed by French engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, is completed for the Paris Exposition. 1889: First Official Secrets Act in UK
8	1892	1892: Leon Bouly invents cinematographic film camera 1892: Gladstone forms his fourth Liberal government
9	1893	1893: Whitcomb L. Judson invented the zip to help a friend with a stiff back who could not bend over to do up his shoes 1893: Second Irish Home Rule Bill fails to pass the House of Lords 1893: New Zealand becomes the first nation to grant women the right to vote 1893: Car number plates introduced in France
10	1894	1894: Rosebery takes power with his minority Liberal government
11	1895	1895: Oscar Wilde jailed 1895: Wilhelm Conrad R?ntgen, using a Crookes' tube, observed a new form of penetrating radiation, which he named X-rays 1895: Guglielmo Marconi sent longwave wireless telegraphic, or radio, signals over a distance of more than a mile 1895: Salisbury forms his third Unionist ministry 1895: Kellogg's Corn Flakes go on sale
12	1896	1896: Freud suggested analyzing childhood conflicts in the study of neuroses. He also devised a psychoanalytic technique called 'free association' which allows emotionally-charged, repressed material to be consciously recognized 1896: The British conquest of the Sudan begins 1896: Lightner Witmer establishes at the University of Pennsylvania a clinic of psychology, the first psychological clinic in America and perhaps in the world
13	1897	1897: Queen Victoria celebrates her Diamond Jubilee 1897: Telephone penetration in US is 7 per 1,000 people
14	1898	1898: Christopher Latham Sholes patented the typewriter. His QWERTY keyboard is still with us today. 1898: British rule over Sudan fully established. German Naval expansion begins 1898: Campbell's soups first appear with red and white labels, colors suggested by Cornell University's football uniforms.
15	1899	1899: British disasters in South Africa 1899: Boer War begins in South Africa and lasts three years
16	1900	1900: Salisbury wins the 'Khaki' election. The Labour Representation Committee is formed. Parliament passes the Commonwealth of Australia Act 1900: Max Planck proposes quantum theory 1900: There are reckoned to be 6,000 accountants in England 1900: Australia Becomes a Commonwealth 1900: Boxer Rebellion in China 1900: Italy's King Assassinated 1900: Kodak Introduces $1 Brownie Cameras 1900: Max Planck Formulates Quantum Theory 1900: Sigmund Freud Publishes The Interpretation of Dreams
17	1901	1901: Willis H. Carrier invented the industrial air conditioner 1901: Vacuum Cleaner invented by Hubert Cecil Booth 1901: Death of Queen Victoria. She is succeeded by her son, Prince Albert, as King Edward VII 1901: Marconi sends wireless message from Cornwall to Newfoundland 1901: First Nobel Prizes Awarded 1901: First Trans-Atlantic Radio Signal 1901: U.S. President McKinley Assassinated
18	1902	1902: Invention of the Teddy Bear 1902: Boer War Ends 1902: Mount Pel?e Erupts 1902: The Teddy Bear is Introduced
19	1903	1903: Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright achieved flight in a manned, gasoline power-driven, heavier-than-air flying machine. 1903: First Flight at Kitty Hawk 1903: First Message to Travel Around the World 1903: First Silent Movie, The Great Train Robbery 1903: Plague in India
20	1904	1904: First telephone answering machine 1904: Beatrix Potter's 'The Tale of Benjamin Bunny' is published 1904: First Popular American Film 1904: Ground Broken on Panama Canal 1904: New York City Subway Opens 1904: Russo-Japanese War Begins 1904: Trans-Siberian Railway Completed
21	1905	1905: Einstein evolved the Special Theory of relativity. 1905: Aliens Act in Britain tries to control immigration 1905: Bloody Sunday - Russian Revolution of 1905 1905: Einstein Proposes His Theory of Relativity 1905: Freud Publishes His Theory of Sexuality
22	1906	1906: Finland First European Country to Give Women the Right to Vote 1906: Kellogg's Starts Selling Corn Flakes 1906: San Francisco Earthquake 1906: Upton Sinclair Writes The Jungle
23	1907	1907: Electric washing machine - The Thor - on sale 1907: Ten Rules of War Established at the Second Hague Peace Conference 1907: First Electric Washing Machine 1907: Picasso Introduces Cubism 1907: Typhoid Mary Captured for the First Time
24	1908	1908: Henry Ford created the Model T automobile 1908: Electric iron and toaster patented 1908: Earthquake in Italy Kills 150,000 1908: Ford Introduces the Model-T 1908: Three Year-Old Pu Yi Becomes Emperor of China 1908: Turks Revolt in the Ottoman Empire
25	1909	1909: French Engineer Louis Bleriot is first to cross the English Channel in an airplane 1909: Pianos reach maximum market penetration in UK households at one per ten people 1909: 800 million postcards sold in England 1909: Japan's Prince Ito is Assassinated 1909: Plastic Is Invented 1909: Robert Peary Becomes the First to Reach the North Pole
26	1910	1910: Georges Claude discovered that electricity conducted through a tube of the rare inert gas, neon, gives a bright red glow and that other gases gave off other colors, e.g., argon gives blue, helium gives yellow and white, etc. 1910: First live opera broadcast 1910: Halley's Comet Makes an Appearance 1910: The Tango Catches On
27	1911	1911: British National Insurance Act lays foundation for health and unemployment insurance 1911: The Chinese Revolution 1911: Ernest Rutherford Discovers the Structure of an Atom 1911: Greenwich Mean Time Adopted 1911: The Incan City of Machu Picchu Discovered 1911: Mona Lisa Is Stolen 1911: Roald Amundsen Reaches the South Pole 1911: Standard Oil Company Broken Up 1911: Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Catches on Fire
28	1912	1912: The Sinking of the Titanic 1,515 people lose their lives. 1912: Parachutes Invented 1912: Piltdown Man, the 'Missing Link,' Discovered (Fraud) 1912: SOS Accepted as Universal Distress Signal 1912: The Titanic Sinks
29	1913	1913: Leo Baekeland invented a plastic laminate, known as Bakelite, and later as 'formica'. 1913: First assembly line introduced in Ford automobile factory 1913: The "Armory Show," an international display of some 1600 works of modern art, and one of the more important U.S. art exhibitions ever held, opens at the 69th-regiment armory in New York City; it arouses public curiosity, generates sensational news coverage, and helps change the direction of American art 1913: First Crossword Puzzle 1913: Henry Ford Creates Assembly Line 1913: Personal Income Tax Introduced in U.S.
30	1914	1914: First World War starts 1914: Archduke Ferdinand Assassinated 1914: Battle of the Marne 1914: Charlie Chaplin First Appeared as the Little Tramp 1914: First Traffic Light 1914: Panama Canal Officially Opened 1914: World War I Begins
31	1915	1915: Armenian Genocide 1915: D.W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation Released 1915: Germans Use Poison Gas as a Weapon 1915: Lusitania Sunk by German U-Boat 1915: Second Battle of Ypres
32	1916	1916: Navy employs animal trainer 'Captain' Joseph Woodward's music hall sea lions for U-boat sabotage. 1916: Coca-Cola adopts a distinctive bottle which identifies the company internationally 1916: Battle of the Somme 1916: Battle of Verdun 1916: Easter Rising in Ireland 1916: First Self-Service Grocery Store Opens in U.S.
33	1917	1917: Bolshevik revolution in Russia installs a new government headed by V.I. Lennin 1917: French artist Marcel Duchamp submits a porcelain urinal, signed "R. Mutt" and titled "Fountain," to the New York Independents Exhibition; it is rejected. 1917: First Pulitzer Prizes Awarded 1917: Mata Hari Executed for Being a Spy 1917: Russian Revolution 1917: U.S. Enters World War I
34	1918	1918: Influenza Epidemic 1918: Russian Czar Nicholas II and His Family are Killed
35	1919	1919: Eddington and Frank W. Dyson measured the bending of starlight by the gravitational pull of the sun, thus confirming Einstein's general theory of relativity 1919: Prohibition Begins in the U.S. 1919: Treaty of Versailles Ends World War I
36	1920	1920: Bubonic Plague in India 1920: League of Nations Established
37	1921	1921: Stage debut of John Gielgud 1921: Extreme Inflation in Germany 1921: Irish Free State Proclaimed 1921: Lie Detector Invented
38	1922	1922: BBC launched as limited company 1922: Kemal Atat?rk Founds Modern Turkey 1922: Tomb of King Tut Discovered 1922: Michael Collins Killed in Ambush 1922: Mussolini Marches on Rome 1922: The Reader's Digest Published
39	1923	1923: Electrolux produced the first electric refrigerator 1923: Kodak introduces home movie equipment 1923: Charleston Dance Becomes Popular 1923: Hitler Jailed After Failed Coup 1923: Ruhr Occupied by French and Belgian Forces 1923: Talking Movies Invented 1923: Teapot Dome Scandal
40	1924	1924: First Olympic Winter Games 1924: Leopold and Loeb Murder a Neighbor Out of Boredom 1924: V.I. Lenin Dies
41	1925	1925: Flapper Dresses in Style 1925: Hitler Publishes 'Mein Kampf'
42	1926	1926: General Strike in UK 1926: The first automatic traffic light was installed in Wolverhampton, England. It remained in service until 1968 1926: A.A. Milne Publishes Winnie-the-Pooh 1926: Houdini Dies After Being Punched 1926: Robert Goddard Fires His First Liquid-Fuel Rocket 1926: A Woman Swims the English Channel
43	1927	1927: The Jazz Singer - first film talking movie released 1927: Philo Farnsworth and John Logie Baird demonstrate television 1927: Babe Ruth Makes Home-Run Record 1927: BBC Founded 1927: The First Talking Movie, The Jazz Singer 1927: Lindbergh Flies Solo Across the Atlantic
44	1928	1928: George Eastman devises a process for color photography; it leads to the first successful three-color roll film available to amateur photographers when it appears in 1935 as Kodachrome (for slides) and as Kodacolor (for prints) in 1942. 1928: First Mickey Mouse cartoon 1928: Bubble Gum Invented 1928: First 'Mickey Mouse' Cartoon 1928: First Oxford English Dictionary Published 1928: Kellogg-Briand Treaty Outlaws War 1928: Penicillin Discovered
45	1929	1929: First UK television broadcast 1929: Frank Whittle, combining the concepts of rocket propulsion and gas turbines, invented jet propulsion. Independently, Hans von Ohain put together the same combination in 1933 1929: Dr. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin 1929: Byrd and Bennett Fly Over South Pole 1929: Car Radio Invented 1929: First Academy Awards 1929: New York Stock Market Crashes 1929: St. Valentine's Day Massacre
46	1930	1930: Gandhi's Salt March 1930: Pluto Discovered 1930: Sliced Bread Available 1930: Stalin Begins Collectivizing Agriculture in the U.S.S.R.
47	1931	1931: Al Capone Imprisoned for Income Tax Evasion 1931: Auguste Piccard Reaches Stratosphere 1931: Christ Monument Built on Rio de Janeiro Hilltop 1931: Empire State Building Completed 1931: U.S. Officially Gets National Anthem
48	1932	1932: Air Conditioning Invented 1932: Amelia Earhardt First Woman to Fly Solo Across the Atlantic 1932: Scientists Split the Atom 1932: Zippo Lighters Introduced
49	1933	1933: First Mars bar 1933: Singing telegrams introduced 1933: Adolf Hitler Becomes Chancellor of Germany 1933: FDR Launches New Deal 1933: First Nazi Concentration Camp Established 1933: Loch Ness Monster First Spotted 1933: Prohibition Ends in the U.S. 1933: Wiley Post Flies Around the World in 8 1/2 Days
50	1934	1934: Konrad Zuse built a series of computers, Z1 through Z4, utilizing binary arithmetic and stored programs. Along the way he invented the first programming language and began to analyze methods by which a computer could play chess 1934: The first comic books appear on newsstands, beginning in the United States. 1934: Bonnie and Clyde Killed by Police 1934: Cheeseburger Created 1934: The Dust Bowl 1934: Mao Zedong Begins the Long March 1934: Parker Brothers Sells the Game 'Monopoly'
51	1935	1935: First 'Kit Kat' sold in UK 1935: Alcoholics Anonymous Founded 1935: Germany Issues the Anti-Jewish Nuremberg Laws 1935: John Maynard Keynes Suggests New Economic Theory
52	1936	1936: BBC starts regular TV broadcasts 1936: Carnegie Publishes 'How to Win Friends and Influence People' 1936: King Edward VIII Abdicates 1936: Nazi Olympics in Berlin 1936: Spanish Civil War Begins
53	1937	1937: German planes, aiding insurgents in the Spanish Civil War, bomb the historic Basque town of Guernica in Northern Spain, killing women and children and inflaming world opinion against facism. 1937: Hindenburg airship crash broadcast coast to coast in US 1937: Amelia Earhart Vanishes 1937: Golden Gate Bridge Opened 1937: The Hindenberg Disaster 1937: Japan Invades China
54	1938	1938: UK's first weekly radio comedy series, Band Wagon 1938: Biro brothers invent ballpoint pen 1938: Broadcast of 'The War of the Worlds' Causes Panic 1938: Chamberlain Announces 'Peace in Our Time' 1938: Extinct Fish Found 1938: Hitler Annexes Austria 1938: The Night of Broken Glass (Kristallnacht)
55	1939	1939: Second World War starts 1939: First Commercial Flight Over the Atlantic 1939: German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Signed 1939: Helicopter Invented 1939: Refugees on the St. Louis Refused Entry Everywhere 1939: World War II Begins
56	1940	1940: London Blitz 1940: Igor Sikorsky invented the heliocopter 1940: Disney's 'Fantasia' 1940: Battle of Britain 1940: Leon Trotsky Assassinated 1940: Nylons on the Market 1940: Stone Age Cave Paintings Found in France
57	1941	1941: Japanese Attack Pearl Harbor 1941: Jeep Invented 1941: Manhattan Project Begins 1941: Mount Rushmore Completed 1941: Nazi Rudolf Hess Flies to Britain on a Peace Mission 1941: Siege of Leningrad
58	1942	1942: Battle of Midway 1942: Battle of Stalingrad 1942: Japanese-Americans Held in Camps 1942: Nazis Raze Town in Retaliation for Reinhard Heydrich's Death 1942: T-shirt Introduced
59	1943	1943: Autism identified 1943: French Resistance Leader Jean Moulin Killed 1943: Italy Joins the Allies 1943: Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
60	1944	1944: Ballpoint Pens Go On Sale 1944: D-Day 1944: First German V1 and V2 Rockets Fired 1944: Hitler Escapes Assassination Attempt
61	1945	1945: Second World War ends 1945: The Atomic Age begins with atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, ending World War II 1945: Allied troops liberate Nazi death camps at Auschwitz-Birkenau (January 26), Buchenwald (April 11), and Dachau (April 24), providing the world with the first photographic evidence of the horrific atrocities committed there 1945: First Computer Built 1945: Germans Surrender 1945: Hitler Commits Suicide 1945: Microwave Oven Invented 1945: United Nations Founded 1945: U.S. Drops Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
62	1946	1946: ENIAC computer makes 5,000 additions in one second 1946: Bikinis Introduced 1946: Dr. Spock Publishes 'The Common Book of Baby and Child Care' 1946: Juan Per?n Becomes President of Argentina 1946: Nuremberg Trials 1946: Winston Churchill Gives His 'Iron Curtain' Speech
63	1947	1947: Invention of transistor 1947: Chuck Yeager Breaks the Sound Barrier 1947: Dead Sea Scrolls Discovered 1947: Jewish Refugees Aboard the Exodus Turned Back by British 1947: Marshall Plan 1947: Polaroid Cameras Invented
64	1948	1948: Life magazine makes American painter Jackson Pollock an overnight celebrity by devoting a three-page spread with color photographs to him and his paintings under the headline, "Jackson Pollock: Is He the Greatest Living Painter in the United States?"; Abstract Expressionism becomes a subject of widespread popular ridicule. 1948: Berlin Airlift 1948: Berlin Airlift 1948: Big Bang Theory Formulated 1948: Gandhi Assassinated 1948: Policy of Apartheid Begun 1948: State of Israel Founded
65	1949	1949: Mao proclaims Peoples Republic of China 1949: China Becomes Communist 1949: First Non-Stop Flight Around the World 1949: George Orwell Publishes Nineteen Eight-Four 1949: NATO Established 1949: Soviet Union Has Atomic Bomb
66	1950	1950: UK's longest running soap, The Archers, first airs on BBC Midlands Home Service 1950: First Modern Credit Card Introduced 1950: First Organ Transplant 1950: First Peanuts Cartoon Strip 1950: Korean War Begins 1950: Senator Joseph McCarthy Begins Communist Witch Hunt 1950: U.S. President Truman Orders Construction of Hydrogen Bomb 26 May 1950: 26 MAY: UK drivers cheer end of fuel rations Long queues have appeared at garages this evening and motorists have torn their ration books into confetti after the government announced an end to petrol rationing. The Minister of Fuel, Noel Baker, told the House of Commons rationing would be abolished because two American companies had agreed a deal to supply oil in return for buying British goods. "This is indeed VP [Victory for Petrol] day for the motor users' campaign," said a spokesman for three motoring organisations - the RAC, AA and Royal Scottish Automobile Club. "The effect on the industrial, commercial and community life will be electric. Ration books now become as obsolete as the man with the red flag."
67	1951	1951: The word 'brainwashing' is coined 1951: Color TV Introduced 1951: South Africans Forced to Carry ID Cards Identifying Race 1951: Truman Signs Peace Treaty With Japan, Officially Ending WWII 1951: Winston Churchill Again Prime Minister of Great Britain
68	1952	1952: The Mousetrap opens Nov 25 1952: Car Seat Belts Introduced 1952: Jacques Cousteau Discovers Ancient Greek Ship 1952: Polio Vaccine Created 1952: Princess Elizabeth Becomes Queen at Age 25
69	1953	1953: Waiting for Godot debuts in Paris 1953: DNA Discovered 1953: Hillary and Norgay Climb Mt. Everest 1953: Joseph Stalin Dies 1953: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Executed for Espionage
70	1954	1954: Raymond Kroc buys McDonald's franchise rights and begins the global proliferation of golden arches. 1954: Britain Sponsors an Expedition to Search for the Abominable Snowman 1954: First Atomic Submarine Launched 1954: Report Says Cigarettes Cause Cancer 1954: Roger Bannister Breaks the Four-Minute Mile 1954: Segregation Ruled Illegal in U.S.
71	1955	1955: ITV formed 1955: Disneyland Opens 1955: James Dean Dies in Car Accident 1955: McDonald's Corporation Founded 1955: Rosa Parks Refuses to Give Up Her Seat on a Bus 1955: Warsaw Pact Signed
72	1956	1956: Eurovision Song Contest starts 1956: Elvis Gyrates on Ed Sullivan's Show 1956: Grace Kelly Marries Prince Rainier III of Monaco 1956: Hungarian Revolution 1956: Khrushchev Denounces Stalin 1956: Suez Crisis 1956: T.V. Remote Control Invented 1956: Velcro Introduced
73	1957	1957: The Space Age begins as the Soviet Union launches Sputnik 1 - the first satellite 1957: Dr. Seuss Publishes 'The Cat in the Hat' 1957: European Economic Community Established 1957: Soviet Satellite Sputnik Launches Space Age 1957: Laika Becomes the First Living Animal to Orbit Space
74	1958	1958: UNIMATE is first industrial robot 1958: Boris Pasternak Refuses Nobel Prize 1958: Chinese Leader Mao Zedong Launches the 'Great Leap Forward' 1958: Hope Diamond is Donated to the Smithsonian 1958: Hula Hoops Become Popular 1958: Lego Toy Bricks First Introduced 1958: NASA Founded
75	1959	1959: Beyond the Fringe' debuts in Edinburgh 1959: Castro Becomes Dictator of Cuba 1959: International Treaty Makes Antarctica Scientific Preserve 1959: Kitchen Debate Between Nixon and Khrushchev 1959: The Sound of Music Opens on Broadway 1959: U.S. Quiz Shows Found to be Fixed
76	1960	1960: Launch of 'Coronation Street' 1960: Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho Released 1960: Brazil's Capital Moves to Brand New City 1960: Lasers Invented
77	1961	1961: Adolf Eichmann on Trial for Role in Holocaust 1961: Bay of Pigs Invasion 1961: Berlin Wall Built 1961: Peace Corps Founded 1961: Soviets Launch First Man in Space
78	1962	1962: Movie Actress Marilyn Monroe dies of an overdose of sleeping pills. 1962: Andy Warhol Exhibits His Campbell's Soup Can 1962: Cuban Missile Crisis 1962: First Person Killed Trying to Cross the Berlin Wall 1962: Marilyn Monroe Found Dead 1962: Rachel Carson Publishes 'Silent Spring'
79	1963	1963: U.S. President John F. Kennedy is assassinated in Dallas, Texas. 1963: Betty Friedan Publishes 'The Feminine Mystique' 1963: JFK Assassinated 1963: Martin Luther King Jr. Makes His 'I Have a Dream' Speech
80	1964	1964: Beatles Become Popular in U.S. 1964: Cassius Clay (a.k.a. Muhammad Ali) Becomes World Heavyweight Champion 1964: Civil Rights Act Passes in U.S. 1964: Hasbro Launches GI Joe Action Figure 1964: Nelson Mandela Sentenced to Life in Prison

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