1579 - 1621 (42 years)
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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1583 | - 1583: Cesalpino, in 'De Plantis', classified plants with seeds according to the number, position, and shape of the parts of their fruit.
- 1583: Galileo Galilei discovered by experiment that the oscillations of a swinging pendulum took the same amount of time regardless of their amplitude.
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| 2 | 1584 | - 1584: William of Orange is murdered and England sends aid to the Netherlands; 1586 Expedition of Sir Francis Drake to the West Indies; Conspiracy against Elizabeth I involving Mary Queen of Scots
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| 3 | 1587 | - 1587: Sprouts were believed to have been cultivated in Italy in Roman times, and possibly as early as the 1200s in Belgium but the modern Brussels sprout that we are familiar with was first cultivated in large quantities in Belgium (hence the name)
- 1587: Execution of Mary Queen of Scots; England at war with Spain; Drake destroys Spanish fleet at Cadiz
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| 4 | 1588 | - 1588: The Spanish Armada is defeated by the English fleet under Lord Howard of Effingham, Sir Francis Drake, and Sir John Hawkins: war between Spain and England continues until 1603
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| 5 | 1590 | - 1590: Zacharias and Hans Janssen combined double convex lenses in a tube, producing the first telescope.
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| 6 | 1596 | - 1596: The work of Dutch cartographer Abraham Ortelius suggests the possibility of continental drift, which will be described more forcefully by Alfred Wegener centuries later.
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| 7 | 1597 | - 1597: Cultivation of sweet potatoes was tried (probably unsuccessfully) by John Gerarde of London
- 1597: Irish rebellion under Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone (finally put down 1601)
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| 8 | 1600 | - 1600: William Gilbert, in 'De Magnete', held that the earth behaves like a giant magnet with its poles near the geographic poles. He coined the word 'electrica' (from the Greek word for amber, elektron), and distinguished electricity from magnetism.
- 1600: Elizabeth I grants charter to East India Company
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| 9 | 1601 | - 1601: Elizabethan Poor Law charges the parishes with providing for the needy; Essex attempts rebellion, and is executed
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| 10 | 1603 | - 1603: Elizabeth dies; James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England
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| 11 | 1604 | - 1604: Hampton Court Conference: no relaxation by the Church towards Puritans; James bans Jesuits; England and Spain make peace
- 1604: Cawdrey's A Table Alphabeticall, first English dictionary, is published
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| 12 | 1605 | - 1605: Gunpowder Plot; Guy Fawkes and other Roman Catholic conspirators fail in attempt to blow up Parliament and James I
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| 13 | 1607 | - 1607: Parliament rejects proposals for union between England and Scotland; colony of Virginia is founded at Jamestown by John Smith; Henry Hudson begins voyage to eastern Greenland and Hudson River
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| 14 | 1609 | - 1609: Galileo built a telescope with which he discovered the mountains on the moon, that the Milky Way consisted of innumerable stars, the four largest satellites of Jupiter, the phases of Venus, and sunspots.
- 1609: Henry Hudson explores present-day New York and Hudson River and claims them for the Dutch
- 1609: Avisa Relation oder Zeitung', world's first regular newspaper is published
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| 15 | 1610 | - 1610: Hudson Bay discovered
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| 16 | 1611 | - 1611: James I's authorized version (King James Version) of the Bible is completed; English and Scottish Protestant colonists settle in Ulster
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| 17 | 1614 | - 1614: James I dissolves the "Addled Parliament" which has failed to pass any legislation
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| 18 | 1616 | - 1616: Italian philosopher Lucilio Vanini suggests that humans descended from apes. For this heresy, he is burned alive three years later.
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| 19 | 1618 | - 1618: Thirty Years' War begins, lasts until 1648
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| 20 | 1620 | - 1620: Pilgrims land at Plymouth Rock on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in the "Mayflower"; found New Plymouth
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