Timeline: FERNALD, Thomas: Byrne and Asimov Genealogy and Family Histories

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Abt 1633 - Bef 1697 (< 64 years)

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Timeline

FERNALD, Thomas (1633 - 1697)

	Date	Event(s)
1	1636	1636: Tulip mania begins and ceases the following year in a precursor of the 2000 'dot-com' crash
2	1639	1639: First Bishops' War between Charles I and the Scottish Church; ends with Pacification of Dunse
3	1640	1640: Charles I summons the "Short " Parliament ; dissolved for refusal to grant money; Second Bishops' War; ends with Treaty of Ripon; The Long Parliament begins. 1640: Athanasius Kirchner's magic lantern invented
4	1641	1641: Triennial Act requires Parliament to be summoned every three years; Star Chamber and High Commission abolished by Parliament; Catholics in Ireland revolt; some 30,000 Protestants massacred; Grand Remonstrance of Parliament to Charles I
5	1642	1642: Charles I fails in attempt to arrest five members of Parliament and rejects Parliament's Nineteen Propositions; Civil War (until 1645) begins with battle of Edgehill between Cavaliers (Royalists) and Roundheads (Parliamentarians)
6	1643	1643: Solemn League and Covenant is signed by Parliament
7	1644	1644: Battle of Marston Moor; Oliver Cromwell defeats Prince Rupert
8	1645	1645: Formation of Cromwell's New Model Army; Battle of Naseby; Charles I defeated by Parliamentary forces
9	1646	1646: Charles I surrenders to the Scots
10	1647	1647: Scots surrender Charles I to Parliament; he escapes to the Isle of Wright; makes secret treaty with Scots
11	1648	1648: Scots invade England and are defeated by Cromwell at battle of Preston Pride's Purge: Presbyterians expelled from Parliament (known as the Rump Parliament); Treaty of Westphalia ends Thirty Years' War
12	1649	1649: Charles I is tried and executed; The Commonwealth, in which ; England is governed as a republic, is established and lasts until 1660; Cromwell harshly suppresses Catholic rebellions in Ireland
13	1650	1650: Charles II lands in Scotland; is proclaimed king
14	1651	1651: Thomas Hobbes, in 'Leviathan', argued from a mechanistic theory that man is a selfishly individualistic animal at constant war with others. In the state of nature, life is "nasty, brutish, and short." 1651: Charles II invades England and is defeated at Battle of Worcester; Charles escapes to France; First Navigation Act, England gains virtual monopoly of foreign trade
15	1653	1653: Cromwell dissolves the "Rump" and becomes Lord Protector
16	1654	1654: James Ussher, Protestant archbishop of Armagh, determined by a close reading of scriptural genealogies that the events described on the first page of the Book of Genesis occurred in 4004 B.C. 1654: Treaty of Westminster between England and Dutch Republic
17	1655	1655: Christiaan Huygens discovered 'Titan,' Saturn's largest moon, and that what Galileo had thought were moons were actually rings. He was the first to note markings on Mars. 1655: England divided into 12 military districts by Cromwell; seizes Jamaica from Spain
18	1656	1656: Huygens built the first pendulum-regulated clock. Two years later, Huygens, in Horologium, claimed that his clock could establish longitude at sea which was not then possible and had led to many maritime disasters. 1656: War with Spain (until 1659)
19	1658	1658: Oliver Cromwell dies; succeeded as Lord Protector by son Richard; Battle of the Dunes, England and France defeat Spain; England gains Dunkirk
20	1659	1659: Richard Cromwell forced to resign by the army; "Rump" Parliament restored 1659: First cheque drawn in London
21	1660	1660: Convention Parliament restores Charles II to throne
22	1661	1661: Clarendon Code; "Cavalier" Parliament of Charles II passes series of repressive laws against Nonconformists; English acquire Bombay
23	1662	1662: Boyle, using a vacuum pump of his own invention, determined that the volume and pressure of a gas are inversely proportional 1662: John Graunt, in 'Observations upon the Bills of Mortality', using London population data, noted that life expectancy is 27 years, with nearly two/thirds dying before 16 years. 1662: Act of Uniformity passed in England
24	1664	1664: England siezes New Amsterdam from the Dutch, change name to New York
25	1665	1665: Great Plague in London
26	1666	1666: Great Fire of London 1666: First European printed paper banknote issued
27	1667	1667: Dutch fleet defeats the English in Medway river; treaties of Breda among Netherlands, England, France, and Denmark
28	1668	1668: Triple Alliance of England, Netherlands, and Sweden against France
29	1669	1669: Isaac Newton circulated a manuscript, 'De analysi per aequationes numero terminorum infinitas', the first notice of his calculus.
30	1670	1670: Secret Treaty of Dover between Charles II of England and Louis XIV of France to restore Roman Catholicism to England; Hudson's Bay Company founded
31	1672	1672: Third Anglo-Dutch war (until 1674); William III (of Orange) becomes ruler of Netherlands
32	1673	1673: Test Act aims to deprive English Roman Catholics and Nonconformists of public office
33	1674	1674: Hennig Brand discovered phosphorus in a distillation of human urine 1674: Anton van Leeuwenhoek reported his discovery of protozoa, using his newly-devised microscope 1674: Treaty of Westminster between England and the Netherlands
34	1677	1677: William III, ruler of the Netherlands, marries Mary, daughter of James, Duke of York, heir to the English throne
35	1678	1678: Popish Plot' in England; Titus Oates falsely alleges a Catholic plot to murder Charles II
36	1679	1679: Act of Habeas Corpus passed, forbidding imprisonment without trial; Parliament's Bill of Exclusion against the Roman Catholic Duke of York blocked by Charles II; Parliament dismissed; Charles II rejects petitions calling for a new Parliament; petitioners become known as Whigs; their opponents (royalists) known as Tories
37	1681	1681: Whigs reintroduce Exclusion Bill; Charles II dissolves Parliament
38	1685	1685: James II of England and VII of Scotland (to 1688); rebellion by Charles II's illegitimate son, the Duke of Monmouth, against James II is put down
39	1686	1686: James II disregards Test Act; Roman Catholics appointed to public office
40	1687	1687: James II issues Declaration of Liberty of Conscience, extends toleration to all religions
41	1688	1688: Edward Lloyd's coffee house opens in England 1688: England's 'Glorious Revolution'; William III of Orange is invited to save England from Roman Catholicism, lands in England, James II flees to France
42	1689	1689: Convention Parliament issues Bill of Rights; establishes a constitutional monarchy in Britain; bars Roman Catholics from the throne; William III and Mary II become joint monarchs of England and Scotland (to1694), Toleration Act grants freedom of worship to dissenters in England; Grand Alliance of the League of Augsburg, England, and the Netherlands 1689: Parliament draws up the Declaration of Right detailing the unconstitutional acts of King James II. James' daughter and her husband, his nephew, become joint sovereigns of Britain as King William III and Queen Mary II. Parliament passes the Bill of Rights. Toleration Act grants rights to Trinitarian Protestant dissenters. Catholic forces loyal to James II land in Ireland from France and lay siege to Londonderry
43	1690	1690: King William defeats the Irish and French armies of his father-in-law at the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland
44	1691	1691: The Treaty of Limerick allows Cathloics in Ireland to exercise their religion freely, but severe penal laws soon follow. The French War begins
45	1692	1692: The Glencoe Massacre occurs
46	1694	1694: Death of Queen Mary; King William now rules alone. Foundation of the Bank of England. Triennial Act sets the maximum duration of a parliament to three years
47	1695	1695: Lapse of the Licensing Act
48	1697	1697: Peace of Ryswick between the allied powers of the League of Augsburg and France ends the French War. Civil List Act votes funds for the maintenance of the Royal Household 1697: Blasphemy Act in England

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