CRAFT, Phebe

CRAFT, Phebe

Female 1793 - 1824  (31 years)

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Timeline



 
 
 




   Date  Event(s)
1793 
  • 1793: Outbreak of War between Britain and France. The voluntary Board of Agriculture is set up. Commercial depression throughout Britain
  • 1793: Speculative 'Canal Bubble' in UK bursts
1794 
  • 1794: Erasmus Darwin, Charles' grandfather, proposed that "warm-blooded animals have arisen from one living filament...possessing the faculty of continuing to improve by its own inherent activity, and of delivering those improvements by generation to its posterity."
  • 1794: Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin
  • 1794: Metric system introduced in France
1795 
  • 1795: The 'Speenhamland' system of outdoor relief is adopted, making wages up to equal the cost of subsistence
1796 
  • 1796: Edward Jenner investigated the folk tale that milk maids were immune to small pox, the virus variola major, and in a brief series of experiments confirmed that exposure to cow pox, the virus vaccinia, rendered immunity
1798 
  • 1798: Thomas Robert Malthus, in his Essay on the Principle of Population, contended that population increses by a geometric ratio whereas the means of subsistence increase by an arithmetic ratio.
  • 1798: Introduction of a tax of ten percent on incomes over ?200.
1799 
  • 1799: Trade Unions are suppressed. Napoleon is appointed First Consul in France
  • 1799: Three-year commercial boom in Britain begins
1800 
  • 1800: Act of Union with Ireland unites Parliaments of England and Ireland
1801 
  • 1801: Close of Pitt the Younger's Ministry. The first British Census is undertaken
1802 
  • 1802: Peace with France is established. Peel introduces the first factory legislation
10 1803 
  • 1803: Beginning of the Napoleonic Wars. Britain declares war on France. Parliament passes the General Enclosure Act, simplifying the process of enclosing common land
11 1805 
  • 1805: Ludolf Christian Treviranus said that spermatozoa were analogous to pollen
  • 1805: Nelson destroys the French and Spanish fleets at the Battle of Trafalgar, but is killed in the process
12 1806 
  • 1806: Louis Nicolas Vauquelin and Pierre Jean Robiquet isolated the first amino acid, 'asparagine,' from asparagus.
13 1807 
  • 1807: William Bentinck, Duke of Portland Prime Minister to 1809 (Whig)
  • 1807: Robert Fulton ushered in the era of self-propelled ships with his construction of a commercially viable paddle-wheel steamboat
14 1808 
  • 1808: Peninsular War to drive the French out of Spain (until 1814)
15 1809 
  • 1809: Two-year commercial boom in Britain
16 1810 
  • 1810: Final illness of George III begins
17 1811 
  • 1811: Depression caused by Orders of Council. There are Luddite disturbances in Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire. The King's illness leads to his son, the Prince of Wales, becoming Regent
18 1812 
  • 1812: Georges Cuvier, in 'Discours sur les r?volutions de la surface du globe', maintained the stratigraphic succession proved that fossils occur in the chronological order of creation: fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.
  • 1812: Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is assassinated in the House of Commons by a disgruntled bankrupt
19 1813 
  • 1813: Canned food was invented for the British Navy by Peter Durand. The cans were made of solid iron and usually weighed more than the food inside them
  • 1813: Jane Austen's 'Pride and Prejudice' is published. The monopolies of the East India Company are abolished
  • 1813: Can opener invented
20 1815 
  • 1815: The defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte at Waterloo marks the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Peace is established in Europe at the Congress of Vienna. The Corn Laws are passed by Parliament to protect British agriculture from cheap imports
  • 1815: Start of two-year commercial boom in Britain
21 1817 
  • 1817: Economic slimp in Britain leads to the 'Blanketeers' March' and other disturbances
22 1818 
  • 1818: Death of the King's wife, Queen Caroline. Mary Shelley's publishes her 'Frankenstein'
23 1819 
  • 1819: Troops intervene at a mass political reform meeting in Manchester, killing and wounding four hundred people at the 'Peterloo Massacre'
24 1820 
  • 1820: Death of the blind and deranged King George III. He is succeeded by his son, the Prince Regent, who becomes King George IV. A radical plot to murder the Cabinet, known as the Cato Street Conspiracy, fails. Trial of Queen Caroline, in which George IV attempts to divorce her for adultery
25 1821 
  • 1821: Jean Fran?ois Champollion, employing the Rosetta Stone, established the principles for deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics.
  • 1821: Queen Caroline is excluded from the coronation
  • 1821: Start of two years of famine in Ireland
26 1822 
  • 1822: First prototype Espresso machine (France)
27 1823 
  • 1823: The Royal Academy of Music is established in London. The British Museum is extended and extensively rebuilt to house an expanding collection
28 1824 
  • 1824: The National Gallery is established. Commercial boom in Britain


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